Whooping cough, medically known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection that can affect people of all ages. Despite the availability of vaccines, outbreaks still occur, making it crucial to understand its symptoms, prevention methods, and when to see a doctor. This guide provides a human-centered approach to this illness, ensuring you’re informed and prepared.
What is Whooping Cough?
Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or close contact with an infected person. The infection often starts like a common cold but can progress to severe coughing fits that make it difficult to breathe.
Symptoms of Whooping Cough
Whooping cough develops in stages:
- Early Stage (1-2 weeks):
- Runny nose
- Mild cough
- Low-grade fever
- Sneezing
- Fatigue
- These symptoms resemble a common cold, making early detection challenging.
- Paroxysmal Stage (1-6 weeks or longer):
- Severe coughing fits that produce a “whooping” sound when breathing in.
- Vomiting after coughing.
- Exhaustion following coughing episodes.
- Recovery Stage (2-3 weeks or more):
- Gradual decrease in coughing frequency and severity.
Infants, who may not exhibit the classic “whoop,” are at higher risk of complications like pneumonia or apnea.
Rising Trends in Whooping Cough Cases
Doctors across the country are reporting spikes in whooping cough cases this year, with figures at a 10-year high. In New Hampshire, there has been an increase from the last few years, but experts said it’s actually a move back toward pre-pandemic numbers. Like many other respiratory illnesses, the number of whooping cough cases decreased significantly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with New Hampshire seeing fewer than 10 cases each year from 2020 to 2023.
This year, New Hampshire is reporting 51 whooping cough cases. While the figure is an increase year over year, the state was averaging around 70 cases each year in a period before the pandemic.
Prevention of Pertussis
Prevention is key to controlling whooping cough. Here’s how you can protect yourself and others:
- Vaccination:
- The DTaP vaccine is recommended for children under 7 years old.
- The Tdap booster is essential for preteens, adults, and pregnant women.
- Hygiene Practices:
- Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
- Avoid close contact with infected individuals.
- Community Awareness:
- Ensure those around you, especially caregivers for infants, are vaccinated.
When to See a Doctor
Timely medical attention can prevent complications. Seek a doctor if:
- You or your child have persistent coughing fits.
- Breathing becomes difficult, or you hear a “whooping” sound after coughing.
- Vomiting occurs after coughing.
- Infants show signs of apnea (pauses in breathing).
- You’ve been exposed to someone diagnosed with pertussis.
Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can help reduce the severity and spread of the illness.
Final Thoughts
Whooping cough is a serious yet preventable illness. Staying informed, vaccinated, and vigilant can significantly reduce its impact on individuals and communities. If you suspect pertussis, don’t delay in consulting a healthcare provider.
